Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Time for 2^nd

learning alliance

Time for Learning alliance

Time for patent application

Variable

Coefficient

Haz. Ratio

Coefficient

Haz. Ratio

Coefficient

Haz. Ratio

Time (1st learning alliance)

1.739^***

5.69^***

−0.621

0.450

−0.655^*

0.519^*

Square [Time (1st learning alliance)

−0.079^***

0.92^***

0.022

1.030

0.029^*

1.029^*

Size

0.003^*

1.00^*

0.007^***

1.008^***

0.006^***

1.006^***

Alliance experience

0.354

1.43

0.170

0.979

−0.330

0.719

Joint venture

−0.390

0.68

−1.198

0.320

−0.662

0.516

Nation

−0.168

0.85

0.179

1.114

−0.695

0.499

Industry

Log likelihood

−149.76

−149.77

−113.93

−113.94

−135.05

−135.06



21.71

21.72

28.16

28.17

20.10

20.11